Date of Award

6-19-2026

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Educational Leadership, Ed.D.

First Advisor

Ibrahim Duyar

Second Advisor

Richard Casey

Committee Members

Amany Saleh; Ibrahim Duyar; Richard Casey

Abstract

Secondary ESL teachers face diverse classrooms and complex instructional demands. As the number of multilingual learners continues to increase in secondary schools, ESL teachers must support students’ language development while also helping them access rigorous academic content across subject areas. This phenomenological study explored how principals’ transformational leadership and school culture influence secondary ESL teachers’ self-efficacy. Drawing on Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory (1997) and Bass’s Transformational Leadership Theory (1985), the study examined how leadership behaviors and school environments shape teachers’ confidence and motivation. Semi-structured interviews with 10 ESL teachers in a southeastern metropolitan district elicited focused accounts of how specific leadership practices and school culture informed their efficacy. Findings revealed that principals’ leadership behaviors significantly influenced teachers’ sense of efficacy. The study highlights how principals’ intentional use of transformational leadership practices fosters supportive environments that affirm ESL educators’ work, strengthen teacher efficacy, support retention, and promote more equitable outcomes for multilingual students. Keywords: transformational leadership, school culture, teacher self-efficacy, secondary ESL teacher

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